1.2- Subfamily Solanoideae + Overview Solanoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Solanaceae, and is sister to the subfamily Nicotianoideae. Within Solanaceae, Solanoideae contains some of the most economically important genera and species, such as the tomato (Solanum lycopersicon), potato (Solanum tuberosum), eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena), chili or bell peppers (Capsicum spp.), mandrakes (Mandragora spp.), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium). + Tribes of theSubfamily Solanoideae This subfamily consists of several well-established tribes: 1- Tribe Capsiceae 2- Tribe Datureae 3- Tribe Hyoscyameae 4- Tribe Jaboroseae 5- Tribe Juanulloeae 6- Tribe Lycieae 7- Tribe Mandragoreae 8- Tribe Nicandreae 9- Tribe Nolaneae 10- Tribe Physaleae 11- Tribe Solandreae 12- Tribe Solaneae. 13- Genera with doubtful taxonomic positions (Incertae sedis)
2- Taxonomy of the Subfamily Solanoideae
Subfamily Solanoideae has 10 tribes and a group of doubtful taxonomic positions (Incertae sedis) 2.1- Tribe Capsiceae Dumort [2 genera, 231 species] + Genera: 1- Genus Capsicum L., includes some 31 neotropical species 2- Genus Lycianthus (Dunal) Hassler, some 200 species distributed throughout America and Asia 2.2- Tribe Datureae G. Don. [2 genera, 17 species] With two genera are perfectly differentiated at both the morphological and molecular levels, Brugmansia includes tree species, while Datura contains herbs or shrubs, the latter genus can be divided into three sections: Stramonium, Dutra and Ceratocaulis. + Genera: 1- Genus Brugmansia Persoon, six species from the Andes 2- Genus Datura L., 11 neotropical species
2.3- Tribe Hyoscyameae Endl. [7 gerera, 41 secies] + Genera: 1- Genus Anisodus Link, four species from China, Indiaand the Himalayas 2- Genus Atropa L., three Euro-Asiatic species 3- Genus Atropanthe Pascher, monotypic genus from China 4- Genus Hyoscyamus L., around 20 species distributed from the Mediterranean to China 5- Genus Physochlaina G. Don, 11 Euro-Asiatic species 6- Genus Przewalskia Maxim., one species from China 7- Genus Scopolia Jacq., disjointed distribution with one European species and another from Japan 2.4- Tribe Jaboroseae Miers [ 1 genus, 23 species] + Genus 1- Genus Jaborosa Juss., genus that includes 23 species from South America.
2.5-Tribe Juanulloeae Juanulloeae is a tribe of plants of the subfamily of Solanoideae in the family of Solanaceae. Tribe Juanulloeae consists 9 genera of trees and epiphytic shrubs with a neotropical distribution . Some of these genera (Dyssochroma, Merinthopodium and Trianaea) show a clear dependency on various species of bats both for pollination and dispersion of seeds. + Genera: 1- Genus Dyssochroma Miers, two species from the south of Brazil 2- Genus Ectozoma Miers 3- Genus Hawkesiophyton Hunz. 4- Genus Juanulloa Ruiz & Pav., 11 species from South and Central America 5- Genus Markea Rich., 9 species from South and Central America 6- Genus Merinthopodium J. Donn. Sm. three species originating from South America 7- Genus Rahowardiana D' Arcy 8- Genus Schultesianthus Hunz., eight neotropical species 9- Genus Trianaea Planch. & Linden, six South American species
2.6- Tribe Lycieae Hunz.[3 genera, 88 species] Tribe Lycieae has three genera of woody plants which grow in arid or semiarid climates. The cosmopolitan genus 'Lycium is the oldest in the tribe and it has the greatest morphological variability. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest both Grabowskia and Phrodus should be included in the Lycium and this genus, along with Nolana and Sclerophylax',' form a clade (Lyciina), which currently lacks a taxonomic category. The red fleshy berries dispersed by birds are the main type of fruit in Lycium. The different types of fruit in this genus have evolved from the type of berry just mentioned to a drupe with a reduced number of seeds. + Genera: 1- Genus Grabowskia Schltdl., three species from South America 2- Genus Lycium L., 83 cosmopolitan species 3- Genus Phrodus Miers, two species endemic to the north of Chile 2.7- Tribe Mandragoreae (Wettst.) Hunz. & Barboza [1 genus, 2 species] This tribe does not have a defined systematic position according to molecular phylogenetic studies. + Genus: 1- Genus Mandragora L., two species from Eurasia 2.8- Tribe Nicandreae Wettst. [2 genera, 7 species] This is a tribe with two South American genera. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate the genera are not interrelated nor are they related with other genera of the family, so their taxonomic position is uncertain. + Genera: 1- Genus Exodeconus Raf., six species from western South America 2- Genus Nicandra Adans, one species distributed throughout neotropical regions 2.9- Tribe Nolaneae Rchb. [1 genus, 89 species] This tribe has mostly herbs and small shrubs with succulent leaves, they have very beautiful flowers that range from white to various shades of blue, their fruit is schizocarpal, giving rise to various nuts. + Genus 1- Genera Nolana L., 89 species distributed throughout western South America.
2.10-Tribe PhysaleaeMiers [5 subtribes, 62 genera] This is a large tribe that is the sister of Capsiceae. - Subtribe Iochrominae (Miers) Hunz., a clade within the Physaleae tribe. contains 37 species, mainly distributed in the Andes, assigned to six genera. The members of this subtribe are characterized by being woody shrubs or small trees with attractive tubular or rotated flowers. They also possess great floral diversity, containing every type is present in the family. Their flowers can be red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, or white. The corolla can be tubular to rotated, with a variation of up to eight times in the length of the tube between the various species. + Genera: 1- Genus Acnistus Schott, one species distributed throughout the neotropics 2- Genus Dunalia Kunth., five species from the Andes 3- Genus Iochroma Benth., 24 species from the Andes 4- Genus Saracha Ruiz & Pav., two species from the Andes. 5- Genus Vassobia Rusby, two South American species 6- Genus Eriolarynx Hunz., three species from Argentina and Bolivia - Subtribe Physalinae (Miers) Hunz. , a monophyletic subtribe, contains 10 genera and includes herbs or woody shrubs with yellow, white, or purple solitary axillary flowers pollinated by bees. Once pollination occurs, the corolla falls and the calyx expands until it entirely covers the boll that is developing (the calyx is called accrescent). In many species, the calyx turns yellow or orange on maturity. The berries contain many greenish to yellow-orange seeds, often with red or purple highlights. + Genera: 1- Genus Brachistus Miers, three species from Mexico and Central America 2- Genus Chamaesaracha (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook., has 10 species from Mexico and Central America. 3- Genus Leucophysalis Rydberg, includes 3 species from the south west of the United States and Mexico. 4- Genus Margaranthus Schlecht., with 1 species from Mexico. 5- Genus Oryctes S. Watson, monotypic genus from the south west of the United States. 6- Genus Quincula Raf. with just 1 species from the south west of the United States and from Mexico. 7- Genus Physalis L., the largest genus of the subtribe, with 85 species distributed through the tropical regions of the Americas and with 1 species in China. 8- Genus Witheringia L' Heritier, genus with 15 species from neotropical regions. 9- Genus Tzeltalia, genus segregated from Physalis, with 2 species distributed throughout Mexico and Guatemala. 10- Genus Darcyanthus, genus with just 1 species originating in Bolivia and Peru. - Subtribe Salpichroinae, this is a subtribe of Physaleae that includes 16 American species distributed in 2 genera: + Genera: 1- Genus Nectouxia Kunth., monotypic genus that is endemic to Mexico. 2- Genus Salpichroa Miers, genus with 15 species from the Andes and other regions of South America. - Subtribe Withaninae, is a subtribe of Physaleae with a broad distribution, including 9 genera. + Genera: 1- Genus Archiphysalis Kuang, with 3 species from China and Japan. 2- Genus Athenaea Sendtn., which includes 7 species from Brazil. 3- Genus Aureliana Sendt., with 5 species from South America. 4- Genus Melissia Hook. f., monotypic genus from Santa Elena with the common name St. Elena boxwood. 5- Genus Physalisastrum Makino, with 9 Asiatic species. 6- Genus Tubocapsicum (Wettst.) Makino, with just one species endemic to China. 7- Genus Withania Pauq., with 10 species native to the Canary Islands, Africa and Nepal. 8- Genus Cuatresia Hunz., with 11 neotropical species. Molecular studies indicate that this genus, along with Deprea and Larnax has an uncertain taxonomic position. 9- Genus Deprea Raf., with 6 neotropical species. 10- Genus Larnax Miers, many taxonomists consider it to be a synonym for Deprea, contains 22 species native to the Andes.
2.13- Genera with doubtful taxonomic positions (Incertae sedis) The following genera have still not been placed in any of the recognized subfamilies within the solanaceas. + Genera: 1- Genus Duckeodendron Kuhlmannb, monotypic genus from the Amazon rainforest. 2- Genus Parabouchetia Baillon, poorly-known,monotypic genus from Brazil. 3- Genus Pauia Deb. & Dutta, monotypic genus from Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in N.E.India. Source: Solanaceae and Solanoideae - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedi